Languages of Asia
Country | Official and National Languages | Other Spoken Languages
Afghanistan
Pashto (Eastern Iranian tongue spoken by the Pashtun community).
Dari Persian (Afghan Persian).
Various Turkic and smaller languages.
Armenia
Armenian (A standalone member of the Indo-European family).
The distinct Armenian script, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots.
Russian is prevalent.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani (89%); a Turkic tongue from the Altaic group.
Russian (3%), Armenian (2%), and other languages (6%).
Bahrain
Arabic.
English, Farsi, and Urdu.
Bangladesh
Bengali.
English.
Bhutan
Dzongkha.
Various Tibetan and Nepalese dialects among the Bhotes and Nepalese.
Brunei Darussalam
Malay and English.
Chinese.
Cambodia
Khmer.
A declining usage of French; English gaining traction.
China
Standard Chinese or Putonghua.
Various regional dialects like Wu, Yue (Cantonese), and Uyghur.
English, Portuguese, Tibetan, and Mongolian.
Cyprus
Greek and Turkish.
English.
Georgia
Georgian.
Russian, Armenian, Azeri, among others.
Note: Abkhaz is Abkhazia's official language.
India
Hindi and Urdu.
English serves as the primary language for national and commercial communication.
Multiple regional languages like Marathi, Tamil, and Telugu, among others.
Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia.
English, Dutch, and numerous local dialects, notably Javanese.
Iran
Persian (58%).
Turkic, Kurdish, Luri, Balochi, and Arabic.
Iraq
Arabic and Kurdish (official since 2004).
Assyrian, Armenian, and Turcoman.
Israel
Hebrew and Arabic.
Yiddish, Ladino, and various Judeo-languages.
English is prevalent.
Japan
Japanese.
Ryukyuan languages.
Jordan
Arabic.
English is prevalent among the upper and middle classes.
Kazakhstan
Kazakh (64.4%).
Russian.
Korea (North)
Korean.
Korea (South)
Korean; written in Hangeul.
English is a common subject in schools.
Kuwait
Arabic.
English is widely understood.
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz and Russian; both hold official status.
Laos
Lao.
Thai, French, and English, along with various ethnic languages.
Lebanon
Arabic.
French, English, and Armenian.
Macau
Mandarin and Portuguese.
Cantonese (Yue) is universally spoken; English is used in official capacities.
Malaysia
Bahasa Melayu.
English, Chinese dialects, and other languages; notable indigenous languages include Iban and Kadazan.
Maldives
Dhivehi.
English among government officials.
Mongolia
Khalkha Mongol.
Turkic and Russian.
Myanmar (Burma)
Burmese.
English in tourist areas; numerous ethnic languages.
Nepal
Nepali (90%).
Sixty ethnic groups with distinct dialects.
Oman
Arabic.
English, Baluchi, Urdu, and Indian dialects.
Palestine
Arabic and Hebrew.
English is commonly understood.
Pakistan
Urdu and English.
Punjabi, Sindhi, and various other languages.
Philippines
Filipino and English.
Major dialects include Tagalog, Cebuano, and Ilocano.
Qatar
Arabic.
English is commonly spoken.
Saudi Arabia
Arabic.
Singapore
Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English.
Sri Lanka
Sinhala (74%) and Tamil (18%).
Various other languages; English in governmental roles.
Syria
Arabic.
Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, and Circassian.
Taiwan
Mandarin.
Taiwanese and Hakka dialects.
Tajikistan
Tajik.
Russian in official and business settings.
Thailand
Thai.
English and regional dialects.
Timor-Leste
Tetum and Portuguese.
Indonesian and English; numerous indigenous languages.
Turkey
Turkish.
Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, and Greek.
Turkmenistan
Turkmen (72%).
Russian and Uzbek.
United Arab Emirates
Arabic.
Persian, English, Hindi, and Urdu.
Uzbekistan
Uzbek (74.3%).
Russian and Tajik.
Viet Nam
Vietnamese.
English and regional languages.
Yemen
Arabic.
Source: https://sites.google.com/idiomatic.net/idiomaticlanguageservices/languages/languages-of-asia